Antibacterial Extraction and Cotton Fabric Testing from Azadirachta Indica

Shahidul Islam
Dept. of Textile Engineering
BGMEA University of Fashion & Technology, Dhaka
Email: [email protected]

Azadirachta Indica Antibacterial Agent:
Azadirachta indica is one of the most important commercially grown tree origin since it yields drug and textile purpose both. Azadirachta is a commonly neem plant, which belongs to the family Meliaceae. While most Meliaceae grow on trees, the Azadirachta is a ground drug. This plant is native to the Indian subcontinent and most of the countries in Africa. The quality of the Azadirachta which is used for extraction of antibacterial is different from what is grown as a drug. This leave of a drug bearing plant also yield textile purpose; however, they do not yield good quality textile purpose. Azadirachta indica plants, with long leaves & bark, especially production for its drugs give the antibacterial agent.

Nowadays plant fibers are widely using for numerous applications from many resources. The most important property of Azadirachta indica is non toxic and fewer side effects which bring it back into skin protection, with an advantage of being cost-effective. Azadirachta indica is more delicate in texture than any other drugs. Medicinal plants are an integral part of man since the dawn of civilization. Makeup the backbone of several indigenous traditional drug systems. Pharmacological studies have confirmed medicinal plants as a possible source of bioactive substances. Medicinal plants are an expensive source of new drugs that form components in traditional systems, medicine, modern drugs, nutraceuticals, dietary supplements, folk medicine, pharmaceutical intermediates, of bioactive principles and lead compounds in synthetic drugs. Recognized that quite 80% of the world’s population relies on plant products their primary health care needs. Excessive use of selected sorts of medicinal plants led to a large reduction in the number of plants within the wild. Reckless hunting resulted within their names being included in the Red Book.

In recent years, multiple drug resistance has emerged in both human and plant pathogens, it was developed through the reckless use of synthetic drugs. This leads to the necessity of screening medicinal plants new bioactive compounds as plant-based drugs are biodegradable, safe. Neem (Azadirachta indica) is probably the most commonly used traditional medicinal plant of India. Within the last few decades, aside from studies considerable progress has been made within the chemistry of Neem compounds in the evaluation of biological activity phytochemicals for medical use. Within the fashionable era, Neem is taken into account a valuable source of uniques natural products for the case of medicine against various diseases.

Azadirachta indica is well known in India and neighboring countries one of the most versatile medicinal plants with a wide spectrum of biological activity. A. indica and M. azedarach are two closely related species of Meliaceae. The previous is popularly known as the Indian neem (margosa tree). Neem is an evergreen tree, cultivativation several parts of the Indian subcontinent. Every a part of the tree was used as traditional medicine for home remedy for various human ailments, from the past. Several pharmacological activities and medicinal applications of varied parts of Neem have been documented in ancient literature.

In recent times, the biological activities and medicinal properties of Neem are greatly expanded. The biological activity of Neem is reported for crude extracts and their various fractions from leaves, bark, root, seed and oil. However, only crude extract from different parts of Neem was used as traditional medicine treatment of varied diseases. Neem has been widely utilized in Ayurveda, Unani, Homeopathy and Siddha medicine and became the cynosure of recent medicine. During this study we assessed antimicrobial potential of A. indica.

Plant Material & Method:
It collected neem leaves and bark from the road side of Feni, Parshuram bazar which is near my house. I did the microorgansim test on this leaf and BuTEX lab which is done in both positive & Negative methods, it was found to be antibacterial.

Preparation of Extraction:
Azadirachta indica leaves half kg were thoroughly washed in fresh water and dried at 35°C – 40°C and Granular is a electric grinder. Granular Azadirachta leaf was taken soxhlet apparatus with 2500ml of 90% ethanol and heated 40°C for 48hr. Then the ethanolic extract of neem leaf powder was dried in a Rota vapor (EL 131) to get a solid mass which was stored at 4°C until use. 30Ne count 100% cotton yarn was woven in material laboratory of Bangladesh Textile University. A plain weave was chosen as the fabric structure. The sample size was 10 cm × 10 cm. Pretreatment of the material was carried out with a solution containing caustic soda (20 g/l), detergent (5 g/l), wetting agent (3.5 g/l) and sequestering agent (2.5 g/l).

Exhaust Method:
The filtered mixtures were mixed at a ratio of 1:10 and treated with the fabric sample in four different beakers for two hours at 70°C. The treated samples were cured at temperature and dried in covered plates. Thus, the final treatment was done and therefore the samples were prepared. Antimicrobial properties of treated cotton fabric samples.

Cotton Fabric Testing:
Azadirachta indica (Neem) were tested using ASTM E2149. It is often a quantitative antimicrobial test method that can evaluate the resistance of non-leaching antimicrobial-treated samples to microbial growth under dynamic contact conditions. Antimicrobial activity testing was performed against Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli) at the Microbiology Laboratory of Dhaka University.

References:

1. Comparative Study on Antimicrobial Activity of Four Bangladeshi Medicinal Plants Used as Antimicrobial Finishes on Cotton Fabric Md. Ashraf, Md. Hadisur Rahman and Mustafijur Rahman.
2. Antibacterial Activity of Plant Extracts of Alstonia scholarisAntony Molly, Misra Chandra Shekhar.
3. Investigations on Antibacterial Activity of Leaf Extracts of Azadirachta indica A. Juss (Meliaceae): A Traditional Medicinal Plant of India C. Rajasekaran E. Meignanam, V. Vijayakumar, T. Kalaivani, S. Ramya, N. Premkumar, R. Siva and R. Jayakumararaj.

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Founder & Editor of Textile Learner. He is a Textile Consultant, Blogger & Entrepreneur. He is working as a textile consultant in several local and international companies. He is also a contributor of Wikipedia.

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